Active and Passive Sentences

     Active Form, Passive Form, Tenses' table, Exercises



Active Form

Subject (peforming the action) I Dave Janeel

+

verb play cleans washes

+

Object (receiving the action) soccer. the car every day. the dishes.

Passive Form

Object (receiving the action) soccer the car the dishes

+

be is is are

+

Past participle of the verb played cleaned washed

+

Subject (peforming the action) (by...) by me. every day (by Dave). by Janeel.

P.S.: By... can be ignored / left out ( see By me, by Dave, by Janeel). In this case, who or what causes the action could be unknown or unimportant!!!


Active and Passive - Tenses' table:

Tenses	Active	Passive
Present Simple	Once a week, Dave cleans the house.	Once a week, the house is cleaned. (by Dave)
Present Continuous	Right now, Dave is writing a letter.	Right now, a letter is being written. (by Dave)
Past Simple	Janeel repaired the car.	The car was repaired. (by Janeel)
Past Continuous	The salesman was helping the customer when I arrived.	The customer was being helped when I arrived.
Present Perfect	Many tourists have visited the castle.	The castle has been visited. (by many tourists)
Present Perfect continuous	Recently, Jazz has been doing the work.	Recently, the work has been being done. (by Jazz)
Past Perfect	Dan had repaired many cars before his mechanic's license.	Many cars had been repaired (by Dan) before his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect continuous	Chef Cliff had been preparing dinners for two years before moving to LA.	Dinners had been being prepared by Chef Cliff for two years before moving to LA.
Simple Future will	Somebody will finish the work by 2:00 pm.	The work will be finished by 2:00 pm.
Future Continuous will	At 9:00 pm tonight, Jazz will be doing the work.	At 9:00 pm tonight, the work will be being done by Jazz.
Simple Future be going to	Mum is going to cook a beautiful dinner tonight.	A beautiful dinner is going to be cooked tonight. (by Mum)
Future Continuous be going to	At 9:00 pm tonight, Jazz is going to be doing the work.	At 9:00 pm tonight, the work is going to be being done by Jazz.
Future Perfect will	They will have completed the project before the deadline.	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous will	The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect be going to	They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.	The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous be going to	The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to	Jazz used to pay the bills.	The bills used to be paid by Jazz.
Would Always	My Mum would always bake potatoes.	Potatoes would always be cooked by my Mum.
Future in the Past would	I knew Jazz would finish the work by 2:00 pm.	I knew the work would be finished by 2:00 pm.
Future in the Past was going to	I thought my Mum was going to bake a chocolate cake tonight.	I thought a chocolate cake was going to be baked by my Mum tonight.

Exercices

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Übungen Aktiv und Passiv - Active and Passive Voices

Active or Passive, Übungen, Rewrite sentences


Übungen: Aktiv - Passiv
Active or Passive: Choose whether the verb is active or passive.

Example: The movie is being made in Hollywood. passive
1. The money was stolen. -- select -- active passive
2. I washed my car three weeks ago. -- select -- active passive
3. The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. -- select -- active passive
4. It would have been fixed on the weekend. -- select -- active passive
5. I will introduce you to my boss this week. -- select -- active passive
6. His hair was cut by a professional. -- select -- active passive
7. The teacher read the book to the students. -- select -- active passive
8. I ate a piece of chocolate cake. -- select -- active passive
9. They are paid on Fridays. -- select -- active passive

Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using “somebody/they/people” etc. write a passive sentence.

Example:
Somebody cleans the room every day.
The room is cleaned every day.


1. They are building a new ring road round the city.



2. They cancelled all flights because of fog (Nebel).



3. People don’t use this road very often.



4. They have postponed (verschoben) the concert.



5. Somebody accused me of stealing money.



6. How do people learn languages?



7. Somebody has cleaned the room.



8. People advised us not to go out alone.



9. Somebody had cleaned the room.



10. Somebody is driving the car at the moment.



11. Julian was typing a text when I arrived.



12. Bernard is following Julian.

Active or Passive: Choose ...

Example: The movie is being made in Hollywood. passive
1. The money was stolen. passive
2. I washed my car three weeks ago. active
3. The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. passive
4. It would have been fixed on the weekend. passive
5. I will introduce you to my boss this week. active
6. His hair was cut by a professional. passive
7. The teacher read the book to the students. active
8. I ate a piece of chocolate cake. active
9. They are paid on Fridays. passive

Rewrite these sentences ...

Example:
Somebody cleans the room every day.
The room is cleaned every day.


1. They are building a new ring road round the city.
A new ring road is being built round the city.


2. They cancelled all flights because of fog (Nebel).
All flights were cancelled because of fog.


3. People don’t use this road very often.
This road isn't used very often. (by people)


4. They have postponed (verschoben) the concert.
The concert has been postponed. (by them)


5. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
I was accused of stealing money.


6. How do people learn languages?
How are languages learnt?


7. Somebody has cleaned the room.
The room has been cleaned. (by somebody)


8. People advised us not to go out alone.
We were advised not to go out alone.


9. Somebody had cleaned the room.
The room had been cleaned.


10. Somebody is driving the car at the moment.
The car is being driven.


11. Julian was typing a text when I arrived.
A text was being typed when I arrived.


12. Bernard is following Julian.
Julian is being followed by Bernard.

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Übungen über Englische Zeitformen

Gemischte Übungen

Schreibe die Verben in der richtigen Zeitform.

1. When I was a young boy, I Santa Claus.
2. Jack for his physics test as we speak.
3. I finally to call my mum yesterday.
4. Peter me since two weeks now.
5. They for the past three years. They would like to quit now though.
6. Pam never late. I wonder why she is missing.
7. Chris French before he moved to Paris.
8. While Sue through the park yesterday, she met he boyfriend.
9. These kids are tired because they in the sun for 4 hours.
10. I a car, if I don't have enough money for that.

Present , Simple Past oder Simple Present

1. How long --- Select --- do you live have you lived did you live here?
2. I --- Select --- know have known knew Mary since 1980.
3. I think I --- Select --- know have known knew her very well.
4. How long --- Select --- do you have have you had did you have that watch?
5. I --- Select --- buy have bought bought it last year.
6. I --- Select --- am have been was in the school since february.

Lösungen1

Schreibe die Verben in der richtigen Zeitform.

1. When I was a young boy, I met Santa Claus.
2. Jack is studying for his physics test as we speak.
3. I finally decided to call my mum yesterday.
4. Peter has not called/hasn't called me since two weeks now.
5. They have smoked/have been smoking for the past three years. They would like to quit now though.
6. Pam is never late. I wonder why she is missing.
7. Chris had studied French before he moved to Paris.
8. While Sue was walking through the park yesterday, she met he boyfriend.
9. These kids are tired because they have played/have been playing in the sun for 4 hours.
10. I will not buy/won't buy a car, if I don't have enough money for that.

Lösungen2

Present , Simple Past oder Simple Present.

1. How long have you lived here?
2. I have known Mary since 1980.
3. I think I know her very well.
4. How long have you had that watch?
5. I bought it last year.
6. I have been in the school since february.

Pronomen Übungen

Ergänze die Sätze mit den richtigen Pronomen.

1. Soni is from Germany, but a. his b. her c. it husband is from France.
2. The kids told me (that) a. them b. they c. their school was fantastic.
3. a. I b. He c. You wish I could help you with the exercises!
4. It wasn't against a. us b. we c. they, but we really felt offended.
5. My son likes to play football, so I gave a. he b. him c. it a brand new jersey.

◄◄ zu den Pronomen

Lösungen1

1. Soni is from Germany, but her husband is from France.
2. The kids told me (that) their school was fantastic.
3. I wish I could help you with the exercises!
4. It wasn't against us, but we really felt offended.
5. My son likes to play football, so I gave him a brand new jersey.

Pronomen - Pronouns

Verwendung
Pronomen werden meistens verwendet um Personen, Dinge, Pflanzen und Tiere zu bezeichnen!
"Pro" "nomen", wie der Name lautet, bedeutet "für" "Nomen oder Namen".
Man unterscheidet im Englischen, wie in viele Sprachen:

1. Das Personalpronomen ?
Dies vertretet eine Person (Singular) oder mehrere Personen (Plural) und auch der Name eines Dinges. Da geht's um Ein Nominativ.
Z.B.:
• I have money.
• You like her.
• He/she/it is sick.
• We play.
• They dream!
2. Possessivbegleiter ? and Possessivpronomen ?

   Ändert das Substantiv, zeig dem Besitz! My money. Your sister. His brother Her sister Its speed (of the car). Our game. Their family!

   Subjekt des Verbs. A friend of mine. The car is yours. That's my brother's bike. The bike is his. My sister mistook my jacket and let hers there. The dog haven't eaten jetzt, the food in the box is its. These glasses are ours. There are two keys, ours and theirs!

3. Objektpronomen ?
Funktioniert wie das Objekt eines Verbs oder einer Präposition. Wird als Akkusativ und Dativ betrachtet!
Z.B.:

• This is between you and me!
• My brother is a nice person, I love him!
• I don't know this girl, but I admire her.
• Where is the glass? Well, I put it on the table.
• She told us (that) she was new here!
• Would you meet them before leaving?
4. Reflexivpronomen ?
Man verwendet Reflexivpronomen, wenn das Komplement (Objekt) des Verbs der gleiche wie der Subjekt ist; auch, um mehr Gewicht auf die Subjekt oder Objekt zu geben. (Emphasize)
Z.B.:

• I hurt myself.
• Do it yourself please! plural ==> yourselves
• He looks at himself in the mirror.
  She usually does her homework by herself.
  The building broke down itself.
• We're trying to solve the problem by ourselves.
• The kids are taking care of themselves!

Check this out!

Personalpromen	Objektpronomen	Possessivpronomen	Possessivbegleiter	Reflexivpronomen
I	me	mine	my	myself
you	you	yours	your	yourself
he she it	him her it	his hers its	his her its	himself herself itself
we	us	ours	our	ourselves
you	you	yours	your	youselves
they	them	theirs	their	themselves

zu den Übungen ►►

Englische Zeitformen – English Tenses

Zeitform	Bildungsweise	Verwendung	Signalwörte	Beispiele
Simple Present	Infinitiv he/she/it + -s	Regelmäßig wiederholte oder gewohnheitsmäßige Handlungen  Handlungsfolgen allgemeingültige Feststellungen Verben mit statischer Bedeutung (to love, to hate, to think, etc.)  in futuristischer Bedeutung: Programm bzw. Terminplan	every day sometimes  always  often  usually  seldom  never  first ... then	I play he/she/it plays I do he/she/it does
Present Progressive (continuous)	to be (am/are/is) + Infinitiv + -ing	Handlungen geschehen im Moment des Sprechens (jetzt) in futuristischer Bedeutung: bereits getroffene Vereinbarung oder bereits feststehender Plan	Now, just  now, right  now  at the moment Look!  Listen!	I’m playing he/she/it is playing I’m doing he/she/it is doing
Simple Past	regelmäßig:  Infinitiv + -ed unregelmäßig: 2. Form	Handlungen haben in der Vergangenheit begonnen und sind abgeschlossen (einmalig, wiederholt, aufeinanderfolgend	last ...  ... ago  in 1990  yesterday	I played he/she/it played I did  he/she/it did
Past Progressive	was/were + Infinitiv + -ing	häufig eine Handlung, die gerade stattfand, als ein neues Ereignis eintrat Ablauf einer Tätigkeit/Vorgang in einem bestimmten Zeitraum der Vergangenheit oder zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit	when  while  as long as	I was playing you were playing I was doing he/she/it was doing
Present Perfect	have/has + past participle (Infinitiv + -ed) oder 3. Form	Resultat einer Handlung ist wichtig, der Zeitpunkt interessiert den Sprecher dabei nicht. Vorgang begann in der Vergangenheit und dauert bis in die Gegenwart oder dessen Auswirkungen reichen bis in die Gegenwart	Yet  just  never  ever  already  so far  up to now  since  for  recently	I’ve played he/she/it has played I’ve done He/she/it has done
Present Perfect Progressive	have/has + been  + Infinitiv + -ing	ähnlich der Simple-Form ABER: besondere Betonung des Ablaufs Dauer und Unabgeschlossenheit eines solchen Vorgangs	all day  for 4 years  since 1993  how long?  the whole week	I’ve been playing He/she/it is been playing I’ve been doing he/she/it is been doing
Past Perfect	had + past participle (Infinitiv + -ed) oder 3. Form	Handlungen, die vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit angefangen haben, aber bis zu ihm oder darüber hinaus andauern Handlungen, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit bereits abgeschlossen waren	already  just  never  not yet  once  until that day	I had played he/she/it had played I had done he/she/it had done
Past Perfect Progressive	had + been  + (Infinitiv + -ing)	Handlung vor einem Zeitpunkt der Vergangenheit manchmal mit Past Perfect Simple austauschbar betont die Handlung bzw. Dauer der Handlung	for  since  the whole day  all day	I had been playing He/she/it had been playing I had been doing He/she/it had been doing
Will-Future	will + Infinitiv	nicht beeinflussbares Geschehen in der Zukunft spontaner Entschluss Vermutungen hinsichtlich der Zukunft	in a year  next …, tomorrow  Vermutung:  I think  probably  perhaps	I will play He/she/it will play I’ll do He/she/it will do
Future (going to)	Am/are/is  + going to  + Infinitiv	bereits bestehende Absicht hinsichtlich der Zukunft logische Schlussfolgerung hinsichtlich der Zukunft	in one year  next week tomorrow	I’m going to play He/she/it is going to play I’m going to do He/she/it is going to do
Future Progressive	Will  + be  +  (Infinitiv + -ing)	zu einem zukünftigen Zeitpunkt im Ablauf befindliche Handlungen sichere oder selbstverständliche Handlungen	in one year  next week tomorrow	I’ll be playing He/she/it will be playing I’ll be doing He/she/it will be doing

Gemischte Übungen ►►

If-Sätze - Bedingungssätze

If-Sätze Typ I, II und III / Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences, If-Clauses oder If-Sätze sind Bedingungssätze. Das heißt, das Ereignis im Hauptsatz (ohne if) findet nur statt, wenn die Bedingung im Satzteil mit "if" erfüllt ist. Es gibt 3 Typen von If-Sätzen:

1. If-Satz Typ 1:
Es ist möglich und auch sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Bedingung eintritt.
Bildung:   if    +    Simple Present    ==>   will-Future
Beispiele:
 
• If  I have money, I will buy a car.
• If  they pass their exams, they will go to the next grade.


2. If-Satz Typ 2:
Es ist möglich aber eher unwahrscheinlich, dass die Bedingung eintritt.
Bildung:   if    +    Simple Past    ==>   would + Infinitive (Conditional I)
Beispiele:
 
• If  I had money, I would buy a car.
• If  they passed their exams, they would go to the next grade.


3. If-Satz Typ 3:
Es ist unmöglich, dass die Bedingung eintritt, weil sie sich auf die Vergangenheit bezieht.
Bildung:   if    +    Past Perfect    ==>   would + have + Past Participle (3. Form) (Conditional II)
Beispiele:
 
• If  I had had money, I would have bought a car.
• If  they had passed their exams, they would have gone to the next grade.

Zusammenfassung:

1. Typ I drückt etwas Wahrscheinliches aus.
2. Typ II drückt etwas Unwahrscheinliches aus.
3. Typ III drückt etwas Unmögliches aus, das in der Vergangenheit hätte passieren müssen.

Übung zu If-Sätzen

Übung 1: Bilde if-Sätze vom Typ I, II oder III.

1. If they have time over the weekend, they will come to meet us.
2. Do you like jazz music? Because if you (like) jazz, you (love) New Orleans.
3. If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice)
4. If we (know) about your problem, we would have helped you.
5. If I (be) you, I would not buy that dress.
6. We (arrive) earlier if we hadn't missed the bus.
7. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my (not / be) life complete.
8. Okay, I (get) the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
9. If I (tell) you a secret, you would be sure to leak it.
10. She (go) out with you if you had only asked her
11. I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) it in such an obvious place.

Weiter mit If-Sätze