If-Sätze - Bedingungssätze

If-Sätze Typ I, II und III / Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences, If-Clauses oder If-Sätze sind Bedingungssätze. Das heißt, das Ereignis im Hauptsatz (ohne if) findet nur statt, wenn die Bedingung im Satzteil mit "if" erfüllt ist. Es gibt 3 Typen von If-Sätzen:

1. If-Satz Typ 1:
Es ist möglich und auch sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Bedingung eintritt.
Bildung:   if    +    Simple Present    ==>   will-Future
Beispiele:
 
• If  I have money, I will buy a car.
• If  they pass their exams, they will go to the next grade.


2. If-Satz Typ 2:
Es ist möglich aber eher unwahrscheinlich, dass die Bedingung eintritt.
Bildung:   if    +    Simple Past    ==>   would + Infinitive (Conditional I)
Beispiele:
 
• If  I had money, I would buy a car.
• If  they passed their exams, they would go to the next grade.


3. If-Satz Typ 3:
Es ist unmöglich, dass die Bedingung eintritt, weil sie sich auf die Vergangenheit bezieht.
Bildung:   if    +    Past Perfect    ==>   would + have + Past Participle (3. Form) (Conditional II)
Beispiele:
 
• If  I had had money, I would have bought a car.
• If  they had passed their exams, they would have gone to the next grade.

Zusammenfassung:

1. Typ I drückt etwas Wahrscheinliches aus.
2. Typ II drückt etwas Unwahrscheinliches aus.
3. Typ III drückt etwas Unmögliches aus, das in der Vergangenheit hätte passieren müssen.

Übung zu If-Sätzen

Übung 1: Bilde if-Sätze vom Typ I, II oder III.

1. If they have time over the weekend, they will come to meet us.
2. Do you like jazz music? Because if you (like) jazz, you (love) New Orleans.
3. If we sneak out quietly, nobody (notice)
4. If we (know) about your problem, we would have helped you.
5. If I (be) you, I would not buy that dress.
6. We (arrive) earlier if we hadn't missed the bus.
7. If I didn't have a mobile phone, my (not / be) life complete.
8. Okay, I (get) the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
9. If I (tell) you a secret, you would be sure to leak it.
10. She (go) out with you if you had only asked her
11. I would not have read your diary if you (not hide) it in such an obvious place.

Weiter mit If-Sätze

Indirekte Rede

Verschiebung von Zeitformen (mit Backshift)

vom	ins
Simple Present John: “I work in the garden.”	Simple Past John said (that) she worked in the garden.
Simple Past John: “I worked in the garden.”
Present Perfect John: “I have worked in the garden.”	Past Perfect John said (that) she had worked in the garden.
Past Perfect John: “I had worked in the garden.”
will-future John: “I will work in the garden.”	would + infinitive John said (that) she would work in the garden.
I am going-to + infinitive John: “I am working in the garden.”	I was going to + infinitive John said (that) she was working in the garden.
can John: “I can work in the garden.”	could John said (that) she could work in the garden.
may John: “I may work in the garden.”	might John said (that) she might work in the garden.

Answers

Indirekte Rede:

Bilde Sätze in der indirekten Rede. Achte auf die Änderung der Zeitformen und der Pronomen.

1. Samantha (she) said that _she was reading_ a book.
2. Martin and Jack (they) said that they were busy.
3. Jenny (she) said that she had woken up early this morning.
4. He said that he would ring her.
5. Samantha and Jack said that they had just arrived from school.
6. She said (that) she did not know where her shoes were.

Modale Hilfsverben:

1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You _needn't_ buy any.
2. It's a hospital. You ­­­­­­­­­­_mustn't_ smoke.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He _must_ be tired after such hard work. He _may_ prefer to get some rest.
4. Do you _need to_ chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
5. I _could_ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I _can_ just say a few things in the language.
6. The teacher said we_can_ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional.
7. _Can_you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I _can't_.
8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you _need_ to work hard.
9. Take an umbrella. It _might_ rain later.
10. You _shouldn't_ leave small objects lying around. Such objects _may_ be swallowed by children.
11. People _musn't_ walk on grass.
12. Drivers_must_ stop when the traffic lights are red.
13. _May_ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
14. You _needn't_ take your umbrella. It is not raining.
15. _Can_you speak Italian? No, I _can't_!

Modale Hilfsverben

Wichtig: Ein "Modal Auxiliary" (modales Hilfsverb) wird verwenden, um die Stimmung eines Verbs zu ändern‼! 

Can and Could

Can: wird verwendet, um die Fähigkeit, die Bereitschaft, das  Erlaubnis, oder die Möglichkeit  auszudrücken. Die Verneinung is  cannot oder can’t.

Bsple:

1. I can drive a car => Fähigkeit
2. Can you help me doing my homework? => Bereitschaft
3. Can I use your Bike? => Erlaubnis
4. Loud music can damage (schaden) your ears > Möglichkeit

Could: ist die Vergangenheitsform von “can”, kann aber auch can ersetzen als Bedingungsform (conditional) oder kann auch als might oder may benutz werden, um eine Möglichkeit auszudrücken. Die Verneining ist could not oder couldn’t.

May and Might

May: wird verwendet, um das Erlaubnis oder die Möglichkeit auszudrücken. Die Verneinung ist may not.

Bsple:

• I may come tomorrow => Möglichkeit (in der Zukunft)
• May I have a glass of water => Erlaubnis (darf Ich….)

Might: wird verwendet, um die Möglichkeit zu äußern. Es unterscheidet sich von may, indem die Möglichkeit, die sie ausdrückt normalerweise kleiner ist. Die Verneinung ist might not.

Bsple:

• I might become a doctor when I grow up, but I doubt it => Die Chance (Möglichkeit) ein Doktor zu sein ... ist gering (kleiner als bei may)

Must and Have 

Must: es drückt einen starken Glauben aus (belief). Dieser Glaube ist nicht basiert auf Fakten, sondern auf Logik. Zweitens drückt es eine Verpflichtung. Die Quelle der Verpflichtung ist introvertiert (aus sich selbst). Die Verneinung ist must not oder mustn’t (not allowed)

Bsple:

• My keys must be around here somewhere => Logischeweise, Ich glaube es… 
• I must go to school =>Verpflichtung. (bin nicht erwzungen aber Ich muss es tun!) 

Have to: es drückt auch einen starken Glauben. Der Glaube ist nicht basiert auf Fakten, sondern auf Logik. Zweitens drückt es eine Verpflichtung. die Quelle der Verpflichtung ist extrovertiert (von Ihrem Chef, dem Gesetz, oder einer Behörde).Die Verneinung ist do not have to oder don’t have to.

Bsple:

• John has to pass the math test to advance to the next grade => Logik
• My mum says (that) I have to make my bed =>Verpflichting

Need not oder Needn't

Need: es drückt eine Option(brauchen) aus! Die Verneinung needn’t oder don't need to (es ist nicht nötig).

Bsple:

• I need to work out my abilities => Brauchen
• We needn’t even be 11 players playing for each team => nicht nötig
• We don’t even need to be 11 players playing for each team.

Übung: 

Wähle die richtige Modalverb: can, can’t, could, couldn’t, may, may not, might, might not, must, mustn’t, should, shouldn’t, need, needn’t, have to, haven’t!

1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ___________ buy any.
2. It's a hospital. You ­­­­­­­­­­_________________ smoke.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He _____________ be tired after such hard work. He _________________ prefer to get some rest.
4. Do you ___________ chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
5. I _____________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I ____________ just say a few things in the language.
6. The teacher said we____________ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional.
7. _______________you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I ___________.
8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you _______________ to work hard.
9. Take an umbrella. It ____________ rain later.
10. You ____________ leave small objects lying around. Such objects ___________ be swallowed by children.
11. People ____________ walk on grass.
12. Drivers____________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
13. ___________ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
14. You _____________ take your umbrella. It is not raining.
15. __________you speak Italian? No, I __________.

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